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Related Concept Videos

Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

38.3K
Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

702
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
702
Curvilinear Motion: Polar Coordinates01:27

Curvilinear Motion: Polar Coordinates

792
In polar coordinates, the motion of a particle follows a curvilinear path. The radial coordinate symbolized as 'r,' extends outward from a fixed origin to the particle, while the angular coordinate, 'θ,' measured in radians, represents the counterclockwise angle between a fixed reference line and the radial line connecting the origin to the particle.
The particle's location is described using a unit vector along the radial direction. Deriving the particle's position...
792
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
5.2K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

22.3K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
22.3K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.6K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
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Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

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Amplitude-phase joint programmable coding metasurface for linear polarization and circular polarization dynamic

Dongshu Wang, Tonghao Liu, Haiqing Chen

    Optics Express
    |December 19, 2025
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    Summary

    A novel programmable coding metasurface (PCM) offers independent, dynamic control over amplitude and phase for multiple polarized waves. This breakthrough enables simultaneous manipulation of absorption and scattering for advanced wave control applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electromagnetics and Metamaterials
    • Applied Physics
    • Nano-engineering

    Background:

    • Metasurfaces offer advanced control over electromagnetic waves.
    • Existing designs often lack independent amplitude and phase control across multiple polarization states.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel programmable coding metasurface (PCM) design.
    • To achieve independent and dynamic control of amplitude and phase for both linear polarized (LP) and circular polarized (CP) waves.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a meta-atom utilizing integrated PIN diodes for modulation.
    • Implementation of amplitude and phase coding sequences for dynamic control.
    • Utilizing simulation and experimental validation for proof-of-concept.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated continuous amplitude and 1-bit phase dynamic modulation for LP and CP waves.
    • Achieved independent and simultaneous control of absorption intensity and scattering direction.
    • Simulation and experimental results confirmed theoretical predictions.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed PCM design enables unprecedented dynamic control over wave properties.
    • This technology has potential applications in advanced wave manipulation and communication systems.
    • The methodology's effectiveness was validated through a proof-of-concept sample.