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Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

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Quasi-distributed fiber sensitization sensing technique based on FMCW interferometry and the virtual Vernier effect.

Chengyu Mo, Yuqiang Yang, Jin Yan

|December 19, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a novel fiber-optic sensing technique using Fabry-Perot (FP) microcavities and the Vernier effect for enhanced seawater salinity detection. The method achieves a 9-times sensitivity increase, enabling multipoint measurements with high stability.

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Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

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Published on: April 26, 2014

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings

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A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Photonics and Optical Sensing
Environmental Monitoring
Interferometry

Background:

Traditional fiber-optic sensors often lack the sensitivity and spatial resolution required for detailed environmental monitoring.
The Vernier effect offers a method for signal amplification in optical sensing systems.
Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) interferometry provides precise measurement capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a quasi-distributed fiber-optic sensing technique for enhanced seawater salinity detection.
To integrate frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) interferometry with the Vernier effect for amplified sensing.
To achieve high spatial resolution and multipoint salinity measurements using Fabry-Perot (FP) microcavities.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of an open-cavity Fabry-Perot sensor (FP-Sen) for seawater salinity detection.
Implementation of FMCW interferometry with digital signal processing (DSP) for precise localization and demodulation of multiple FP-Sens.
Construction of a virtual interferometric spectrum (VIS) to generate an optical Vernier effect for amplified salinity readings.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a quasi-distributed FMCW system with three cascaded FP-Sens for multipoint salinity sensing.
Achieved a sensitivity of 2.235 nm/‰ within the 25-30‰ salinity range, a 9-times enhancement over single sensors.
Verified good sensor stability through experimental analysis and highlighted the technique's advantages for numerous sensing points.

Conclusions:

The proposed quasi-distributed fiber-optic sensing technique effectively enhances salinity detection sensitivity using the Vernier effect and FMCW interferometry.
The system allows for high spatial resolution and multipoint measurements, making it suitable for large-scale environmental monitoring.
This approach presents a promising solution for practical applications demanding numerous sensitized sensing points.