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Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

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Errors in taping arise from multiple factors that can significantly impact measurement accuracy in surveying. Misalignment of the tape, often due to human error, is one primary source. A skilled rear tapeman, using a telescope, can help correct alignment by guiding the head tapeman; however, human limitations still lead to small inaccuracies. These errors may include misplacement of pins or inaccurate tape readings due to common visual confusions, such as mistaking a six for a nine. Such...
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In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...
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Automatic Laser-based Geometry Capture for Finite Element Analysis of Weld Beads
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Key geometric error identification method for ultra precision machine tool based on error-position-dependent

Zengya Zhao, Ming Huang, Kai Xu

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    |December 19, 2025
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    Summary

    This study introduces error-position-dependent sensitivity analysis (EPDSA) for ultra-precision machine tools. EPDSA accurately identifies key geometric errors by considering their position-dependent nature, improving contour accuracy and surface quality.

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    Area of Science:

    • Manufacturing Engineering
    • Metrology
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Geometric errors in ultra-precision machine tools critically affect optical component accuracy and surface quality.
    • Complex error sources and their coupled propagation make error identification challenging.
    • Conventional sensitivity analysis (SA) methods often overlook position-dependent error characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel method for identifying key geometric errors in ultra-precision machine tools.
    • To address the limitations of conventional SA by incorporating position-dependent error analysis.
    • To enhance the accuracy and reliability of error identification for targeted compensation strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed an error-position-dependent sensitivity analysis (EPDSA) method.
    • Dynamically adjusted input ranges of geometric errors based on their positions.
    • Calculated sensitivity indices across the entire workspace to capture spatial variations.

    Main Results:

    • EPDSA effectively captured significant spatial variations in sensitivity indices.
    • Identified distinct key geometric errors compared to conventional SA methods.
    • The key error ratio (KER) showed EPDSA identified errors accounting for 0.55 of total error, versus 0.39 for conventional methods.

    Conclusions:

    • EPDSA provides more accurate and reliable sensitivity evaluation for ultra-precision machine tools.
    • The method offers targeted guidance for effective error compensation strategies.
    • Improved identification of key geometric errors leads to enhanced contour accuracy and surface quality of optical components.