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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

Multi-Site Theta-tACS Improves Memory and Language Performance and Associated Local and Remote Functional

Zhiwei Guo^1,2, Yi Jiang¹, Jiayuan He¹

¹National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

|December 19, 2025

Summary

Multi-site transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) significantly improved cognitive functions in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients more than single-site tACS. This approach enhances brain network connectivity, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for MCI.

Keywords:

functional connectivity mild cognitive impairment regional homogeneity transcranial alternating current stimulation working memory training

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Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke

Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neuromodulation
Cognitive Science

Background:

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may benefit from multi-site noninvasive brain stimulation.
The effectiveness of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) in a multi-site paradigm for MCI is not well-established.
Investigating multi-site tACS effects on MCI and its neural mechanisms is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of multi-site tACS on cognitive functions in MCI patients.
To explore the underlying neural mechanisms of multi-site tACS in MCI.
To compare multi-site tACS with single-site tACS and sham stimulation.

Main Methods:

A 20-day parallel, sham-controlled trial involving 60 MCI participants.
Participants received multi-site tACS (prefrontal gyrus and precuneus), single-site tACS (precuneus), or sham stimulation, combined with working memory training.
Cognitive assessments and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used to evaluate changes in regional homogeneity (Reho) and resting-state networks (RSNs).

Main Results:

Multi-site tACS led to superior improvements in verbal fluency and recognition memory compared to sham.
Significant ReHo changes were observed in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) in the multi-site group.
Multi-site tACS modulated functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and frontoparietal network (FPN), with correlations to cognitive improvements.

Conclusions:

Multi-site tACS is more effective than single-site tACS for enhancing cognitive functions in MCI patients.
The enhanced efficacy of multi-site tACS is linked to its broader modulation of cognition-related brain networks.
Multi-site tACS presents a promising neuromodulatory strategy for treating MCI.