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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats
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Novel Kidney Biomarkers and Antibiotics-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Practical Assessment of Current and Future

Iman Karimzadeh1,2, Sandra L Kane-Gill2,3,4

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Clinical and Translational Science
|December 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Novel kidney biomarkers show promise for early detection and prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by antibiotics. Research is exploring their use alongside traditional markers to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
acute kidney injuryadverse drug eventanti‐bacterial agentsanti‐infective agentsbiomarkers

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Antibiotics can cause acute kidney injury (AKI), a condition currently diagnosed using serum creatinine and urine output.
  • Existing diagnostic methods for AKI have limitations in early detection and prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and application of novel kidney biomarkers in diagnosing and predicting AKI induced by specific anti-infectives.
  • To discuss challenges and considerations for implementing these biomarkers in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • This narrative review synthesizes current clinical research on novel kidney biomarkers for AKI.
  • Focus is placed on biomarkers studied in the context of antibiotic-induced AKI, including vancomycin, aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, and polymyxins.

Main Results:

  • Novel biomarkers such as urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2/insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and serum cystatin C are prominent.
  • Clinical studies primarily focus on the diagnostic and detection capabilities of these biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Novel kidney biomarkers hold significant potential to enhance the prediction and early detection of antibiotic-induced AKI.
  • Practical implementation requires addressing factors like non-kidney influences, optimal panels, sampling strategies, and cost-effectiveness.