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Nosocomial transmission in a monkeypox virus clade Ib outbreak, Ireland, August to October 2025

Mark McLoughlin1, Laura Fahey2, Michael Carr3,2

  • 1Health Service Executive Department of Public Health, Dublin, Ireland.

Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin
|December 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

An mpox (monkeypox virus) outbreak in Ireland involved four linked cases, originating from international travel. This highlights the need for vigilance against Clade Ib mpox spread in non-endemic areas.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mpox (monkeypox virus) outbreaks require ongoing surveillance, particularly for less common clades.
  • Understanding transmission routes is crucial for effective containment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report and analyze an mpox Clade Ib outbreak in Ireland.
  • To investigate the origin and transmission dynamics of the identified mpox cluster.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological investigation of linked cases.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of viral sequences.

Main Results:

  • Four epidemiologically linked mpox cases identified in Ireland (August-October 2025).
  • The outbreak cluster was traced to a traveller returning from Pakistan via the United Arab Emirates.
  • Phylogenetic analysis linked the Irish cluster to sequences from the Eastern Mediterranean Region, suggesting specific transmission routes.
  • A nosocomial infection was identified within the cluster.

Conclusions:

  • The outbreak highlights the potential for mpox Clade Ib introduction into non-endemic countries via international travel.
  • Clinical vigilance, rapid diagnostics, and coordinated public health responses are essential to prevent further Clade Ib mpox transmission.
Keywords:
Irelandclade Ibhealthcare-associated infectionsinfection controllaboratory surveillancempox virus (MPXV)nosocomial infectionoutbreakspost-exposure prophylaxis

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