Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 8, 2026
Gastric Mucosa Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis for Detecting Helicobacter pylori and Antibiotic Resistance
Published on: March 7, 2025
Therapeutic advances and future directions in Helicobacter pylori eradication
Vidya Suresh1, Amritavarshini Sreekumar1, Anil Kumar2
1Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
Insights
Managing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) requires adapting to rising antibiotic resistance. New therapies, including quadruple regimens and novel agents, alongside complementary strategies like probiotics and phytochemicals, offer improved global eradication.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a leading cause of gastrointestinal diseases worldwide.
- Antibiotic resistance to standard therapies like clarithromycin-based triple therapy is increasing globally.
- Tailoring treatment to local resistance patterns is crucial for effective H. pylori eradication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current clinical evidence and emerging innovations for H. pylori management.
- To emphasize the integration of conventional and next-generation therapeutic approaches.
- To discuss strategies for sustainable global H. pylori control.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent clinical trials and preclinical studies.
- Analysis of optimized quadruple regimens, including bismuth- and vonoprazan-based therapies.
- Evaluation of novel agents, adjunctive strategies (probiotics, phytochemicals), and alternative approaches.
Main Results:
- Optimized quadruple regimens and resistance-guided treatments are shifting clinical practice.
- Novel agents like Rifasutenizol show promise against multidrug-resistant H. pylori strains.
- Adjunctive therapies (probiotics, phytochemicals) demonstrate synergistic effects in improving eradication and reducing side effects.
Conclusions:
- A balanced integration of established and novel therapies is essential for sustainable global H. pylori management.
- Personalized treatment strategies based on local antibiotic susceptibility are increasingly important.
- Emerging approaches offer hope for overcoming antibiotic resistance and improving patient outcomes.
Abstract:
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a globally prevalent pathogen associated with a spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies. Although clarithromycin-based triple therapy continues to be effective in certain geographic areas, increasing global resistance highlights the need for treatment approaches tailored to local antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Recent clinical trials have shifted toward optimized quadruple regimens, particularly bismuth- and vonoprazan-based therapies, and resistance-guided treatment. Novel agents such as Rifasutenizol (TNP-2198) are entering phase 3 evaluation and show activity against multidrug-resistant strains. Adjunctive and alternative strategies including probiotics, phytochemicals, phage-derived enzymes, and nanoparticle-based delivery demonstrate synergistic effects in improving eradication and reducing antibiotic-associated adverse events. Multi-strain probiotic formulations and plant-derived compounds such as curcumin, catechins, and quercetin consistently suppress H. pylori virulence pathways and gastric inflammation in clinical and preclinical studies. This review provides an overview of current evidence from clinical trials and emerging therapeutic innovations, emphasizing balanced integration of conventional and next-generation approaches for sustainable global H. pylori management.
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