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Azacitidine Beyond the Bone Marrow: An Unexpected Journey Into Azacitidine-Induced Arthropathy
Syamasis Bandyopadhyay1, Arghya Sahu1, Sandip Kumar Chandra1
1Internal Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Kolkata, IND.
Cureus
|December 19, 2025
Summary
Azacitidine can cause rare seronegative inflammatory arthropathy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Early recognition and treatment of this immune-mediated side effect are crucial for patient care.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Rheumatology
Background:
- Azacitidine is a key DNA hypomethylating agent for myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
- Musculoskeletal complications, particularly inflammatory arthropathy, are rare and underrecognized adverse effects of azacitidine.
- This case highlights an atypical immune-mediated reaction to azacitidine therapy.

