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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Wide-field Fluorescent Microscopy and Fluorescent Imaging Flow Cytometry on a Cell-phone

Wide-field Fluorescent Microscopy and Fluorescent Imaging Flow Cytometry on a Cell-phone

Published on: April 11, 2013

Magnetic smartphone microflow cytometry enables rapid CD4/CD8 T cell quantification.

Hee Sik Shin¹, Sung Joo Lee¹, Jae In Kim²

¹Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea. sungyoung@hanyang.ac.kr.

|December 19, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new magnetic-activated smartphone microflow cytometry (MACC) platform provides accurate, accessible CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts for HIV management at the point-of-care. This cost-effective technology offers a promising alternative for decentralized testing in resource-limited settings.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Immunology
Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Background:

Accurate CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts are crucial for effective HIV management.
Conventional flow cytometry is often inaccessible in resource-limited settings.
Existing point-of-care testing (POCT) methods lack accuracy and quantitative results.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a rapid, accessible, and fully quantitative T lymphocyte counting platform for POCT.
To address the limitations of current HIV monitoring diagnostics in resource-limited environments.

Main Methods:

Development of a magnetic-activated smartphone microflow cytometry (MACC) platform.
Integration of microfluidic immunomagnetic cell separation with smartphone bright-field imaging.
Utilized a degassing-driven microfluidic pumping mechanism for stable microflow and smartphone imaging for cell differentiation.

Main Results:

The MACC platform achieved complete assay results, including cell counting, within 24 minutes.
Demonstrated strong concordance with conventional flow cytometry for CD4+, CD8+ counts, and CD4/CD8 ratios in HIV-infected patient samples.
Showcased high sensitivity and accessibility without requiring specialized laboratory equipment or fluorescent labels.

Conclusions:

MACC offers a promising, cost-effective, and easy-to-operate alternative to traditional flow cytometry for T lymphocyte counting.
Facilitates decentralized HIV monitoring and expands diagnostic accessibility in resource-limited settings.
Enables rapid and accurate T cell enumeration essential for personalized HIV treatment strategies.