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Athletic capability index in pterosaurs: an initial assessment.

Daniel F Ceroula1, Rubi V Pêgas2, Anderson S Nascimento1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pterosaur limb strength suggests good terrestrial locomotion capabilities, with forelimbs stronger than hindlimbs. Larger pterosaurs had lower athletic capability indexes, indicating less terrestrial proficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Biomechanics
  • Vertebrate locomotion

Background:

  • Pterosaurs possessed a unique morphology, making direct comparisons of terrestrial locomotion with extant vertebrates challenging.
  • Assessing pterosaur terrestrial proficiency requires indirect methods due to their distinct anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To infer the terrestrial locomotion proficiency of pterosaurs using athletic capability indexes.
  • To investigate relationships between athletic capability indexes, limb strength, and body mass in pterosaurs.

Main Methods:

  • Estimation of body mass, bending strength, and stylopodial axial strength indexes for 25 pterosaur specimens.
  • Application of linear regression models to analyze relationships between indexes and body mass.
  • Comparative analysis of pterosaur indexes with those of extinct and extant animals.

Main Results:

  • Humerus exhibited higher athletic capability indexes than the femur, indicating stronger forelimbs relative to hindlimbs.
  • A negative correlation was found between athletic capability indexes and body mass.
  • Pterosaurs demonstrated good terrestrial locomotion proficiency, including previously underestimated plesiomorphic forms.
  • Pteranodontoids showed lower femoral axial compression index (ACI) compared to similarly sized pterodactyloids.

Conclusions:

  • Pterosaur forelimbs were relatively stronger than hindlimbs for resisting bending and axial compression.
  • Increased body mass in pterosaurs correlated with decreased terrestrial locomotion capability.
  • Pterosaurs, including early forms, were more proficient on land than previously assumed, though specific groups like pteranodontoids had limitations.