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Progress in Auricular Reconstruction Techniques: A Review.

Zixin Chai1, Yuchen Fan1, Lu Wang1

  • 1From the Department of Medical, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

Annals of Plastic Surgery
|December 19, 2025
PubMed
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This review explores advancements in microtia (congenital ear malformation) reconstruction. It covers traditional cartilage grafting and promising tissue-engineered scaffolds, including 3D bioprinting, for improved ear reconstruction.

Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Microtia is a congenital ear defect requiring complex auricular reconstruction.
  • Patient-specific scaffold fabrication is a major challenge in ear reconstruction.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on ear reconstruction techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive guide to recent advances in ear reconstruction.
  • To review traditional autologous cartilage procedures.
  • To explore emerging tissue-engineered ear scaffold technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of traditional autologous cartilage grafting techniques.
  • Review of tissue engineering approaches, including 3D bioprinting.
Keywords:
3-dimensional printingauricular reconstructionear frameworkmicrotia

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  • Analysis of advancements in bioinks, seed cells, and imaging for scaffold fabrication.

    • Main Results:

    • Autologous costal cartilage grafting has improved with advancements in expander use and carving techniques.
    • Tissue engineering, especially 3D bioprinting, shows promise for ear scaffold fabrication.
    • Clinical validation of tissue-engineered scaffolds is still limited.

    Conclusions:

    • Traditional ear reconstruction methods continue to evolve.
    • Tissue engineering and 3D printing offer significant future potential for ear reconstruction.
    • This review aims to guide future research in intelligent ear reconstruction.