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AI-Generated Text in Orthopaedic Articles: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
Paxton Sweeney1, Matthew R Yuro1, Wayne S Berberian2
1Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey.
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
|December 19, 2025
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI)-generated text is prevalent in orthopaedic literature, especially in results sections. AI use correlates with authorship characteristics but not journal prestige, highlighting the need for disclosure standards.
Area of Science:
- Orthopaedic research
- Scientific writing
- Artificial intelligence applications
Background:
- Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in scientific writing.
- The extent of LLM use in orthopaedic literature is not well-defined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the prevalence of AI-generated text in orthopaedic research.
- To investigate associations between AI use and study characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 196 articles from 10 leading orthopaedic journals.
- Quantification of AI-generated text using GPTZero.
- Correlation analyses with h5-index, study design, evidence level, authorship, and region.
Main Results:
- AI-generated content detected in 89.8% of articles, averaging 18.1%.
- AI scores were highest in Results sections and varied by section (p < 0.001).
- AI use correlated with non-MD authors (ρ = 0.22) and total author count (ρ = 0.19), but not h5-index, study design, or evidence level.
Conclusions:
- AI-generated content is widespread in orthopaedic literature, particularly in Results.
- AI usage patterns differ based on authorship and geography, but not study design or journal prestige.
- Establishing clear disclosure standards is crucial for responsible AI integration in scientific writing.
