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Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants

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Published on: April 15, 2020

AI-Generated Text in Orthopaedic Articles: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Paxton Sweeney¹, Matthew R Yuro¹, Wayne S Berberian²

¹Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume

|December 19, 2025

Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI)-generated text is prevalent in orthopaedic literature, especially in results sections. AI use correlates with authorship characteristics but not journal prestige, highlighting the need for disclosure standards.

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Area of Science:

Orthopaedic research
Scientific writing
Artificial intelligence applications

Background:

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in scientific writing.
The extent of LLM use in orthopaedic literature is not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the prevalence of AI-generated text in orthopaedic research.
To investigate associations between AI use and study characteristics.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 196 articles from 10 leading orthopaedic journals.
Quantification of AI-generated text using GPTZero.
Correlation analyses with h5-index, study design, evidence level, authorship, and region.

Main Results:

AI-generated content detected in 89.8% of articles, averaging 18.1%.
AI scores were highest in Results sections and varied by section (p < 0.001).
AI use correlated with non-MD authors (ρ = 0.22) and total author count (ρ = 0.19), but not h5-index, study design, or evidence level.

Conclusions:

AI-generated content is widespread in orthopaedic literature, particularly in Results.
AI usage patterns differ based on authorship and geography, but not study design or journal prestige.
Establishing clear disclosure standards is crucial for responsible AI integration in scientific writing.