The mechanism by which negative pressure wound therapy promotes wound healing

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has demonstrated substantial advantages in a variety of clinical settings, including the management of acute and chronic wounds, open injuries with exposed bone, nerves, or tendons, and implant-associated infections in orthopedics. Although numerous studies have reported the beneficial effects of NPWT in controlling wound infections and infections related to orthopedic implants, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain incompletely understood and require further investigation. Given its widespread clinical use, a comprehensive understanding of the biological effects of NPWT is essential to ensuring its rational and optimized application in clinical practice. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms through which NPWT facilitates wound healing and provides insights to inform both clinical use and future research.