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Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris
Published on: July 28, 2018
Global microplastic contamination in freshwater lakes: Spatial patterns, environmental drivers, and methodological
Piotr Jachimowicz1, Ewa Babkiewicz2, Anna Gavlova3
1VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava, Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic.
Microplastic (MP) pollution is widespread in global freshwater lakes, with fibers and fragments being the most common. Methodological inconsistencies hinder accurate assessments, necessitating standardized sampling strategies for reliable future studies.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Ecotoxicology
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Microplastic (MP) pollution in freshwater lakes is a growing global concern.
- Comprehensive assessments are limited due to methodological challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and analyze existing data on MP pollution in freshwater lakes worldwide.
- To identify key drivers of MP abundance and characteristics and highlight methodological limitations.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of 84 studies with 1268 sampling points across over 300 lakes.
- Inclusion of data solely based on FTIR and Raman spectroscopy for reliable identification.
- Analysis of MP concentrations, shapes, polymer types, and influencing environmental parameters.
Main Results:
- MP concentrations varied widely (0.001–200+ MP/L), with higher levels in shallow, lowland, and eutrophic lakes.
- Fibers and fragments dominated MP types; polyethylene, polypropylene, and PET were most common.
- Trophic state, shoreline urbanization, and lake morphology significantly influenced MP distribution, showing a shoreline-to-center gradient.
Conclusions:
- Methodological inconsistencies (surface-only sampling, limited replication, size bias) impede accurate MP assessment.
- Standardized, multi-depth, year-round sampling and harmonized protocols are crucial for robust future studies.
- Addressing these limitations is essential for effective management of freshwater MP pollution.
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