General Movement Optimality Score-Revised (GMOS-R) with General Population-Based Percentile Ranks.

Area of Science:

• Developmental Pediatrics
• Movement Science
• Neonatal Assessment

Background:

• Writhing General Movements Assessment (GMA) is crucial for assessing infant motor development.
• The General Movement Optimality Score-Revised (GMOS-R) quantifies movement quality.
• Understanding normative GMA and GMOS-R profiles in the general population is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize writhing GMA classification and GMOS-R profiles in healthy infants.
• To investigate associations between GMOS-R scores, GMA classification, and infant factors.
• To determine the inter-rater reliability of writhing GMA classification and GMOS-R.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study of 1,861 infants from Western Australia.
• Parent-recorded videos collected between 1-5 weeks post-term.
• Independent assessment of GMA classification and GMOS-R by experienced clinicians.

Main Results:

• 66.8% of infants had normal GMA, 33.2% had poor repertoire.
• GMOS-R scores differentiated GMA classifications.
• Lower gestational age, nursery admission, minority ethnicity, and older assessment age correlated with lower GMOS-R scores.
• Excellent inter-rater reliability for GMA classification and total GMOS-R.

Conclusions:

• A significant proportion of the general infant population exhibits poor repertoire writhing movements.
• GMOS-R is a reliable tool for assessing movement quality in infants.
• This study provides population-based data for interpreting writhing GMA and GMOS-R.