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Properties of 3D printed resins for definitive dental restorations: A systematic review
Yohann Flottes1, Yasmine Smail2, Carla Palomino-Durand3
1Assistant Professor, Prosthetic Dentistry Department, Paris Cité University, Inserm UMR 1333 Oral Health, Henri Mondor Hospital, Paris, France.
Statement Of Problem:
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been increasingly used in dentistry as an alternative to conventional restorative materials, but the mechanical, biological, optical, and long-term properties of 3D printed resins remain unclear.
Purpose:
The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the mechanical, optical, and biological properties of 3D printed resins intended for definitive restorations.
Material And Methods:
A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-compliant search in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was performed following a registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD420250653401).
Results:
Forty‑two eligible studies from 2020 to 2025 evaluated 7 resins. Crowntec (Saremco) generally showed the highest mechanical properties. The mechanical performance of all 3D printing resins, particularly in terms of flexural strength, surface roughness, and Vickers hardness, remained below that of most computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) composite resin blocks. Optical data indicated clinically acceptable ΔE00 values without exposure to staining agents. Data on biocompatibility remained limited.
Conclusions:
This systematic review highlighted the potential and current limitations of 3D printed resins for definitive restorations. They were found to exhibit favorable mechanical and optical properties and potentially favorable biological properties for definitive single-unit restorations, but they remain mechanically and optically inferior to CAD-CAM composite resin blocks.
