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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
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Mapping fusion-driven cell reprogramming through integrative single-cell computational frameworks.

Fateme Nazaryabrbekoh1, JoAnne Huang1, Syeda S Shoaib2

  • 1Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, US.

NPJ Systems Biology and Applications
|December 19, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell fusion creates hybrid cells that rapidly reprogram. Initially resembling mesenchymal cells, they shift to a myogenic state by Day 3, demonstrating dynamic cell plasticity and generating cellular diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cell fusion is a biological process that merges two or more cells into a single hybrid cell.
  • Hybrid cells possess unique genetic and phenotypic characteristics distinct from parent cells.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing cell fusion and subsequent reprogramming is crucial for regenerative medicine and developmental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcriptional and signaling alterations in fused murine cardiomyocytes (mHL1) and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (mMSC).
  • To elucidate the dynamic reprogramming trajectory and identify key regulatory networks governing hybrid cell states post-fusion.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a published single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset of fused mHL1 and mMSC.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of transcriptional trajectories, gene expression patterns, and signaling pathway enrichment.
  • Gene regulatory network analysis to identify master regulators involved in reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • Fused cells exhibited a dynamic transcriptional trajectory, rapidly changing and stabilizing over time.
  • Asymmetric plasticity was observed: Day 1 hybrids resembled mMSCs (mesenchymal reprogramming), while Day 3 hybrids shifted towards mHL1 cells (myogenic reprogramming).
  • Distinct transcriptional subpopulations emerged, with dynamic changes in cell adhesion, intercellular communication, and enriched pathways for stress resistance and cellular adaptation by Day 3.

Conclusions:

  • Cell fusion is a dynamic reprogramming process that generates novel hybrid cell states.
  • Evolving gene regulatory and signaling networks drive cellular diversity and plasticity post-fusion.
  • Key regulators like Hmga2, Arntl, and Prrx1 play significant roles in mediating mesenchymal-to-myogenic reprogramming.