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Empowering safe medication practices: translation and validation of the Malay inpatient medication-safety involvement

Mohd Hanif Mohd Nawawi1, Mohd Ismail Ibrahim2, Najib Majdi Yaacob3

  • 1Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia.

BMC Health Services Research
|December 20, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

A new Malay-language tool, the Inpatient Medication Safety Involvement Scale (IMSIS), has been validated for use in Malaysia. This scale effectively measures patient engagement in medication safety among Malay-speaking inpatients.

Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Patient Safety
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Patient engagement is crucial for medication safety and improving health outcomes.
  • Malaysia lacks a validated Malay-language tool to assess inpatient involvement in medication safety.
  • This gap hinders tailored interventions and engagement monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To translate and culturally adapt the Inpatient Medication Safety Involvement Scale (IMSIS).
  • To psychometrically validate the adapted scale for Malay-speaking adult inpatients in Malaysia.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study with 100 adult inpatients in Kelantan, Malaysia.
  • Translation and cultural adaptation followed ISPOR guidelines.
  • Content validity, face validity, construct validity (CFA), and internal consistency (Raykov's rho) were assessed.

Main Results:

  • The Malay IMSIS (M-IMSIS) showed excellent content (S-CVI=0.94) and face (S-FVI=0.87) validity.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis supported a single-factor structure with acceptable fit.
  • High internal consistency (Raykov's ρ=0.90) and interpretability were demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The M-IMSIS is a brief, culturally appropriate, and psychometrically sound tool.
  • It can be used to assess inpatient involvement in medication safety in Malaysia.
  • The tool supports patient-centered care initiatives in middle-income settings.
Keywords:
Inpatient careMalaysiaMedication safetyPatient engagementPsychometricsScale validation

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