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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Researchers observed moiré lattice formation in novel epitaxial heterostructures of monolayer niobium diselenide (NbSe2) on graphite. This finding offers new insights into controlling quantum material properties using moiré engineering.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Moiré heterostructures are designer quantum materials formed by stacking 2D materials.
  • Manual assembly of exfoliated materials is typically required.
  • Epitaxial growth offers an alternative route to heterostructure fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate moiré lattice formation in epitaxial monolayer NbSe2 on graphite.
  • To understand the electronic structure and collective state properties of these heterostructures.
  • To explore prospects for moiré engineering in 2D materials.

Main Methods:

  • Epitaxial growth of monolayer NbSe2 on graphite substrates.
  • Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements.
  • Theoretical calculations of electronic structure.

Main Results:

  • Observed clear spectroscopic signatures of moiré lattice formation.
  • Revealed moiré replicas of graphite π states forming interlocking Dirac cones.
  • Found Dirac cones intersecting the NbSe2 Fermi surface at maximal charge-density wave (CDW) gap locations.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a natural explanation for the lack of CDW enhancement in ML-NbSe2/graphene.
  • Highlights the potential of moiré engineering for controlling collective states in 2D materials.
  • Demonstrates the viability of epitaxial growth for creating moiré heterostructures.