Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 8, 2026
Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management
Published on: March 28, 2025
Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy Irradiation Intensity, Frequency, and Duration on Pain, and Functional
Soo-Min Ok1,2, Hye-Mi Jeon3,4, Yong-Woo Ahn1,2
1Department of Oral Medicine, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Republic of Korea.
Purpose:
To systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), focusing on the influence of intensity, frequency, and duration on pain reduction and functional improvement.
Methods:
Through a systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE, we identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults with TMD who were treated with PBMT. Ultimately, 40 RCTs were included, and a meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4. The primary outcomes included pain, pain-free opening (PFO), maximum-unassisted opening, and maximum-assisted opening (MAO).
Results:
PBMT significantly reduced pain at the third assessment (T2). The optimal parameters included wavelengths (951-1070 nm) and output power (below 100 mW). Additionally, PFO and MAO significantly improved at T2. Treatment durations exceeding 10 weeks were most effective for articular-muscular TMDs, whereas shorter durations were more beneficial for purely articular or muscular TMDs. Three to four sessions per week yielded the best outcomes.
Conclusion:
Effective pain reduction was achieved with high wavelengths (951-1070 nm), low power (<100 mW), and frequent, long-term treatment (3-4 times per week over 10 weeks). Avoiding high energy consumption over a short period was crucial. This approach is more effective for articular-muscular TMDs than for purely articular or muscular conditions.
