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Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance in pediatric invasive pneumococcal pneumonia: A Laboratory

Jonathan Zintgraff1, Paula Gagetti2, Nahuel Sánchez Eluchans1

  • 1Servicio Bacteriología Clínica, Departamento de Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI)-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Vaccine
|December 20, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Invasive pneumococcal pneumonia (IPP) in Argentine children shows shifts in serotypes post-vaccination, with concerning multidrug resistance in key strains. Enhanced surveillance and broader vaccine coverage are crucial.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of child mortality globally.
  • Vaccine introductions alter pneumococcal serotype distribution.
  • This study examines invasive pneumococcal pneumonia (IPP) in Argentine children (2022-2024).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the contemporary epidemiology of IPP in Argentine children.
  • To identify shifts in serotype distribution following vaccine implementation.
  • To assess antimicrobial resistance patterns in invasive pneumococcal isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 316 invasive pneumonia isolates from 78 pediatric hospitals across Argentina.
  • Serotyping using the Quellung reaction.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing via CLSI agar dilution.

Main Results:

  • Serotypes 3, 19A, and 14 remain dominant; non-vaccine type 12F is emerging.
  • Age-specific patterns observed, with unique serotypes in infants and older children.
  • High susceptibility to beta-lactams, but 24.3% multidrug resistance noted, especially in serotypes 19A and 24F/A/B.

Conclusions:

  • Significant shifts in pneumococcal serotype epidemiology post-PCV13 implementation.
  • Persistent vaccine-type circulation and emergence of non-vaccine types necessitate ongoing surveillance.
  • Need for next-generation vaccines with broader coverage and enhanced surveillance systems to monitor serotype replacement.
Abstract

Keywords:
Conjugate vaccinesInvasive pneumococcal diseasePediatricsPneumococcal serotypesPneumoniaStreptococcus pneumoniaeantimicrobial resistance

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