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Updated: Jan 8, 2026
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Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
Published on: November 21, 2013
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A European perspective on tardive dyskinesia.
Carlo Colosimo1, Rakesh Jain2, Krzysztof Duma3
1Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria, Terni, Italy.
Summary
Tardive dyskinesia (TD), a movement disorder from antipsychotics, affects 22% of European patients. Current European care standards are lacking, necessitating further research and evidence-based guidelines for better diagnosis and management.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Psychiatry
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder linked to dopamine receptor-blocking agents, primarily antipsychotics.
- It causes involuntary movements impacting patient quality of life, with a 22% prevalence in Europe.
- Prevalence varies by antipsychotic subclass, with higher rates for older generations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current landscape of Tardive Dyskinesia diagnosis and management in Europe.
- To highlight the need for evidence-based standards of care tailored to European clinicians.
- To identify research gaps and unmet needs in European TD management.
Main Methods:
- This is a narrative review.
- It synthesizes existing literature on TD prevalence, diagnosis, and management in Europe.
- It analyzes factors influencing TD rates and discusses current treatment challenges.
Main Results:
- TD affects approximately 22% of European patients on antipsychotics.
- There is a lack of formal consensus on TD diagnosis and management in Europe.
- Older antipsychotics are associated with higher TD prevalence rates.
Conclusions:
- Evidence-based standards of care for TD are crucial for European clinicians.
- Further research is needed to understand TD's impact and develop effective management strategies.
- Addressing TD complexities within the European healthcare system requires dedicated research and guidelines.
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