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The application of virtual and augmented reality in hospitalized pediatric nursing interventions: An integrative
Yujeong Kim1, Mingi Chang2, Eunhee Nam2
1College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Innovation, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Purpose:
This integrative review synthesized evidence on nursing interventions using virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) for hospitalized children, focusing on intervention strategies and components to guide standardized technology-based nursing programs.
Methods:
Following Whittemore and Knafl's framework, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, simulation-related journals, and domestic databases including Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), and Database Periodical Information Academic (DBpia). Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria: ten randomized controlled trials, two case reports, and one quasi-experimental study. Study quality was appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools, and data were analyzed by general characteristics, intervention strategies, and components.
Results:
Most studies were published after 2020. Participants were mainly children aged 4-12 years. VR interventions predominated (84.6 %), while AR appeared in two studies. Single-session applications (76.9 %) under 10 min were common during injections, dressing changes, or surgery preparation. Longer AR storybooks supported psychological and educational needs. Outcomes included reductions in pain (46.2 %), anxiety (53.8 %), and fear, with interactive content showing stronger effects than passive viewing.
Conclusion:
VR and AR are effective non-pharmacological tools to reduce distress in hospitalized children. VR is useful for procedural support, while AR shows potential for extended psychosocial care. Evidence gaps remain regarding chronic conditions, optimal dosage, and child-appropriate devices.
Implications:
By matching intervention type, duration, and interactivity to clinical goals and developmental stage, VR and AR can be applied as child-centered nursing strategies to enhance the hospital experience.
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