Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

3.7K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.7K
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

23.8K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
23.8K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

7.2K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
7.2K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.3K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.3K
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

9.5K
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
9.5K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

27.7K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
27.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

"Life renewed, obstacles persist": a systematic review of qualitative studies on the experiences of children and adolescents post-kidney transplantation.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)·2026
Same author

Thermal stability of P-loaded Li-LSX zeolites for air separation.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Integrated miRNA-mRNA analysis Identifies oar-miR-143 as a potential regulator of follicular dominance in multiparous sheep and validates its target gene CDK2.

Animal reproduction science·2026
Same author

Prognostic utility of circulating tumor DNA assessment in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Guilu Erxian Glue Restores Immune Homeostasis in Aplastic Anemia Mice by Regulating Treg Lineage Stability via the miRNA-17/10a and FasL/Fas Signaling Pathways.

Journal of inflammation research·2026
Same author

Programmable pathway profiles reveal signaling principles of TGF-β superfamily receptors.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy
09:40

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy

Published on: October 4, 2019

5.9K

miRNA modules for precise, tunable control of gene expression.

Rongrong Du1, Michael J Flynn1, Karan Mahe1

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Molecular Cell
|December 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel miRNA-based circuits called DIMMERs for precise transgene expression control. These regulators ensure uniform protein levels across varying gene doses, advancing gene therapy and biotechnology research.

Keywords:
dosage compensationgene therapymicroRNAmultispecific regulationprecise gene expression controlsynthetic biology

More Related Videos

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits
09:17

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits

Published on: March 14, 2018

10.5K
Loss-of-Function Approach in the Embryonic Chick Retina by Using Tol2 Transposon-Mediated Transgenic Expression of Artificial microRNAs
06:58

Loss-of-Function Approach in the Embryonic Chick Retina by Using Tol2 Transposon-Mediated Transgenic Expression of Artificial microRNAs

Published on: May 18, 2022

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy
09:40

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy

Published on: October 4, 2019

5.9K
Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits
09:17

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits

Published on: March 14, 2018

10.5K
Loss-of-Function Approach in the Embryonic Chick Retina by Using Tol2 Transposon-Mediated Transgenic Expression of Artificial microRNAs
06:58

Loss-of-Function Approach in the Embryonic Chick Retina by Using Tol2 Transposon-Mediated Transgenic Expression of Artificial microRNAs

Published on: May 18, 2022

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Accurate control of transgene expression is crucial for research and therapeutic applications.
  • MicroRNA (miRNA)-based regulatory circuits offer potential for enhanced transgene control.
  • Systematic understanding of miRNA circuit design principles and performance limits is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and characterize miRNA-based circuit modules, termed "dosage invariant miRNA-mediated expression regulators" (DIMMERs).
  • To establish precise and tunable control of transgene expression across diverse cell types.
  • To explore applications in imaging, gene editing, and gene therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Combined computational modeling and experimental validation.
  • Designed multivalent miRNA regulatory interactions within transgene circuits.
  • Tested circuit performance across different cell types and gene dosages.

Main Results:

  • DIMMERs achieve nearly uniform, tunable protein expression despite two orders of magnitude variation in gene dosage.
  • Circuits demonstrate functionality across diverse cell types and enable multiplexing for independent gene regulation.
  • DIMMERs successfully reduced off-target CRISPR base editing, improved single-molecule imaging, and enabled live tracking of AAV-delivered transgenes.

Conclusions:

  • DIMMERs provide a robust platform for precise and tunable transgene expression control.
  • These regulatory circuits have broad applicability in research, biotechnology, and gene therapy.
  • DIMMERs overcome limitations in current transgene expression regulation methods.