Decellularized liver matrix-based bioactive beads induce host-vasculature integrated embolization

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Vascular Surgery

Background:

• Current embolic agents for transarterial embolization (TAE) are either non-degradable (permanent occlusion) or purely degradable (temporary).
• Existing embolic particles lack inherent bioactivity, limiting their ability to regulate the vascular microenvironment and optimize therapeutic outcomes.
• There is a need for advanced embolic agents that promote vascular healing and integration post-embolization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate novel gelatin-based bioactive embolic beads conjugated with decellularized liver extracellular matrix (ECM) for TAE.
• To investigate the ability of these bioactive beads to deliver regenerative cues and promote vascular integration.
• To assess the therapeutic efficacy and integration characteristics of the novel embolic system compared to conventional agents.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of gelatin-based embolic beads chemically conjugated with decellularized liver ECM.
• Endovascular embolization using the developed bioactive beads in a rabbit ear model.
• Assessment of intravascular collagen deposition, neotissue formation, and host-vasculature integration.
• Histological analysis and imaging to evaluate vascular remodeling and embolization efficacy over time.

Main Results:

• The bioactive embolic beads successfully delivered regenerative biomolecular cues, promoting significant intravascular collagen deposition and neotissue formation.
• Host-vasculature integration was observed in surrounding fine vessels within 5 days post-embolization.
• Complete integration in main vascular branches and full removal of embolized tissue occurred within 30 days, outperforming purely biodegradable particles.
• The composite embolic system demonstrated enhanced endovascular embolization performance and prevented revascularization.

Conclusions:

• The developed gelatin-based bioactive embolic beads conjugated with decellularized liver ECM represent a promising platform for advanced transarterial embolization.
• This novel system facilitates host-vasculature integration and controlled vascular remodeling, enhancing therapeutic efficacy beyond physical occlusion.
• The bioactive composite embolic agents offer a superior approach to embolization therapy by leveraging regenerative properties for improved outcomes.