Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

8.2K

Associations between virus single infection or coinfection and respiratory symptoms in young children: A

Emma Hauser-van Westrhenen1, Laia Junquera Guinovart1, Rob Schuurman2

  • 1Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|December 21, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Virus coinfections in young children commonly lead to acute respiratory illness (ARI). Coinfections significantly increase ARI risk, highlighting virus interactions that mediate illness severity.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Virus coinfections are frequent in young children.
  • Understanding coinfection impact on acute respiratory illness (ARI) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Quantify single and coinfections in children.
  • Assess the association between viral infections and ARI.
  • Investigate virus virulence and coinfection effects on ARI severity.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective community-based cohort study of children under 4 years.
  • Weekly nasal samples and daily symptom diaries collected over 16 weeks.
  • PCR testing for 17 respiratory viruses and mixed-effects logistic regression analysis.

Main Results:

  • 19.9% of 1,241 virus infections were coinfections; 49.4% were associated with ARI.
  • Single virus infections increased ARI odds (OR: 2.15).
  • Coinfection further elevated ARI odds by 1.87, independent of individual virus virulence.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately half of pediatric respiratory viral infections are linked to ARI.
  • Virus-specific virulence influences ARI likelihood.
  • Coinfection exacerbates ARI risk, suggesting synergistic virus interactions.
Abstract

Keywords:
Acute respiratory illnessChildrenCoinfectionCommunity-based cohortRespiratory virus infectionViral interaction

More Related Videos

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus09:08

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Published on: July 27, 2021

4.1K
Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

10.8K

Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
24.8K
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
1.2K
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
3.7K
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...
773
Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines01:15

Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines

Antihistamines are a class of drugs widely used to alleviate the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. They work by inhibiting the actions of histamine, which is released by immune cells in response to allergenic substances or tissue injuries.
Histamine binds to specific receptor sites, known as H1 receptors, on tissue cells, triggering inflammation and swelling. Antihistamines combat these effects by competing with histamine for these receptor sites. By...
996
Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma
3.2K