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Related Experiment Video

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Development and Validation of a Rapid Screening Measure for Mask Anxiety in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing

Marie-Ève Pelland1,2,3, Laurence Lagadec-Gaulin4, Houda Bahig1,2,3

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Psycho-Oncology
|December 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new Radiotherapy Mask Anxiety Questionnaire (R-MAQ) effectively identifies anxiety in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. This brief tool aids early intervention for better treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
claustrophobiahead and neck cancerimmobilizationmask anxietyoncologyradiation therapyscreening measurethermoplastic mask

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy
  • Psychological distress

Background:

  • Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer often requires immobilization masks.
  • Mask use can induce anxiety, potentially impacting patient adherence and treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a brief screening questionnaire for early identification of radiotherapy mask-related anxiety.
  • To assess the prevalence of mask-related anxiety in head and neck cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 512 patients undergoing radiotherapy.
  • Development of the Radiotherapy Mask Anxiety Questionnaire (R-MAQ) and assessment of its validity against the Claustrophobia Questionnaire (CLQ).
  • Analysis using multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analysis (AUROC).

Main Results:

  • The four-item R-MAQ demonstrated good model fit and predictive accuracy (AUROC = 0.78).
  • 27.3% of patients experienced anxiety related to the immobilization mask during planning scans.
  • The R-MAQ showed comparable or superior validity to the CLQ in identifying at-risk patients.

Conclusions:

  • The R-MAQ is a valid and efficient tool for screening radiotherapy mask-related anxiety in head and neck cancer patients.
  • Early identification via R-MAQ facilitates timely intervention, potentially improving treatment adherence and outcomes.
  • Further research is recommended to explore the R-MAQ's broader applicability and impact on treatment efficacy.