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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

SwarmSight: Real-time Tracking of Insect Antenna Movements and Proboscis Extension Reflex Using a Common Preparation and Conventional Hardware
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SwarmSight: Real-time Tracking of Insect Antenna Movements and Proboscis Extension Reflex Using a Common Preparation and Conventional Hardware

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Hybrid wavelet transform, K-means singular value decomposition and Spatial memory guided cat swarm optimization

Chirag Sharma1, Arwinder Dhillon1, Deepak Prashar1,2

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE), Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India.

Scientific Reports
|December 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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This study introduces an enhanced video watermarking technique using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and K-Means Singular Value Decomposition (K-SVD), optimized with Spatial Memory Guided Cat Swarm Optimization (SMGCSO). The method significantly improves copyright protection by increasing PSNR and reducing BER against video attacks.

Area of Science:

  • Digital Image and Video Processing
  • Multimedia Security
  • Artificial Intelligence in Optimization

Background:

  • Increasing integration and use of multimedia data necessitate robust intellectual property and copyright protection mechanisms.
  • Existing watermarking techniques face challenges in maintaining quality and robustness against various video processing attacks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an improved watermarking technique for embedding watermarks in compressed videos.
  • To enhance precision watermarking with minimal quality loss and superior robustness against attacks.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel watermarking technique combining Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and K-Means Singular Value Decomposition (K-SVD).
  • Incorporated Spatial Memory Guided Cat Swarm Optimization (SMGCSO) for optimizing the watermarking process, avoiding local optima.
Keywords:
Copyright protectionDiscrete wavelet transformPeak signal to noise ratioQuality lossVideo watermarking

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  • Evaluated performance using Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER) metrics.

    • Main Results:

    • The DWT-K-SVD-SMGCSO technique demonstrated a significant improvement over the baseline DWT-K-SVD method.
    • Achieved an approximate 28% increase in PSNR, indicating better image quality preservation.
    • Observed a 45% decline in BER, signifying enhanced watermark robustness and accuracy.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed DWT-K-SVD-SMGCSO watermarking technique offers superior resistance to video processing attacks.
    • The technique provides enhanced watermark robustness, crucial for effective video copyright protection.
    • This advancement contributes to securing multimedia content in the digital era.