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Visual ERP-based brain-computer interface use with severe physical, speech and eye movement impairments: case
Arne Van Den Kerchove1,2, Juliette Meunier3, Marie de Moura4
1Laboratory for Neuro-and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven.AI, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49 bus 1021, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. arne.vandenkerchove@kuleuven.be.
Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation
|December 21, 2025
Summary
This study explored visual brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for individuals with severe impairments. A gaze-independent BCI showed promise for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) even with limited eye control.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Assistive Technology
- Human-Computer Interaction
Background:
- Severe speech and physical impairments create communication barriers.
- Visual brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are potential assistive tools.
- Limited eye motor control restricts current BCI usability.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate a gaze-independent visual oddball BCI.
- Assess feasibility as an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device.
- Evaluate performance with limited eye motor control.
Main Methods:
- Recruited seven participants with varying eye motor control.
- Assessed visual oddball BCI decoding accuracy.
- Evaluated three visuospatial attention (VSA) conditions: overt, covert, and free VSA.
Main Results:
- Covert VSA with central fixation reduced accuracy.
- Free VSA performance was comparable to overt VSA for some.
- Overt VSA training may enhance BCI performance for users with gaze difficulties.
Conclusions:
- Adaptive decoding strategies are crucial for gaze impairment.
- Further validation in applied settings is needed.
- BCIs can be adapted for users with limited eye control.
