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Recent Advances in Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Nanoparticles for Cancer Drug Delivery
Qiongdan Zhang1, Huihong Duan1, Yupei Yang1
1TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan·University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
International Journal of Nanomedicine
|December 22, 2025
Summary
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) offer a natural, biocompatible nanoparticle platform for cancer drug delivery. These PDEVs show dual functionality as therapeutic agents and drug carriers, overcoming limitations of synthetic nanoparticles.
Area of Science:
- Nanomedicine
- Biotechnology
- Oncology
Background:
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are emerging as a novel class of nanoparticles for drug delivery.
- Conventional synthetic nanoparticles and mammalian EVs have limitations in biocompatibility and manufacturing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive analysis of PDEVs in nanomedicine.
- To compare PDEVs with synthetic nanoparticles and mammalian EVs.
- To highlight the advantages and potential of PDEVs for anticancer drug delivery.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of recent advances in PDEV isolation, characterization, and drug-loading techniques.
- Comparative analysis of PDEVs against synthetic nanoparticles and mammalian EVs.
- Discussion of PDEV capabilities in encapsulating diverse therapeutic agents.
Main Results:
- PDEVs exhibit superior biocompatibility and low immunogenicity compared to synthetic alternatives.
- PDEVs possess dual functionality as therapeutic agents and efficient drug carriers.
- PDEVs demonstrate versatility in encapsulating various therapeutic agents, including drugs, RNAi, and gene-editing tools.
Conclusions:
- PDEVs offer significant advantages for targeted cancer therapy and controlled release.
- Challenges in standardization and clinical translation need to be addressed for PDEV clinical application.
- PDEVs are poised to become a cornerstone in personalized cancer nanomedicine.
