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Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
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Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

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Exciton trapping with a twist.

Chinju Govind1, Israa Shioukhi2, Yinon Deree2

  • 1Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland eric.vauthey@unige.ch.

Chemical Science
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Twisting the aromatic core of donor-acceptor molecules enhances triplet yield and exciton trapping. This distortion controls electronic excitation localization in conjugated systems by reducing interbranch coupling.

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Area of Science:

  • Photochemistry
  • Organic Electronics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Donor-acceptor (D-A) molecules are crucial in optoelectronics.
  • The performance of D-A molecules is sensitive to subunit orientation.
  • The impact of aromatic core curvature on D-A molecule excited states is under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of aromatic core twisting in a symmetric double-branched D-π-A molecule.
  • To understand how molecular distortion influences excited-state properties and dynamics.
  • To explore distortion as a method for controlling electronic excitation localization.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of a symmetric double-branched D-π-A molecule.
  • Analysis of excited-state properties, including chiroptical response and triplet yield.
  • Investigation of excited-state symmetry breaking (ESSB) and exciton dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Molecular twisting increases triplet yield and enhances excited-state symmetry breaking (ESSB).
  • Distortion decreases interbranch coupling, facilitating exciton trapping on a single D-π-A branch.
  • Exciton trapping occurs in less polar solvents due to reduced solvation energy requirements post-ESSB.

Conclusions:

  • Aromatic core distortion is a viable strategy for tuning excited-state behavior in D-A systems.
  • Twisting enables control over electronic excitation localization and exciton dynamics.
  • This provides a new design principle for advanced conjugated materials.