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Identifying Person-Centered Outcome Measures for Use in Adult Day Services: An E-Delphi Consensus Study.
Clara J Scher1, Keith Anderson2, William Zagorski3
1Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Sage Open Aging
|December 22, 2025
Summary
Adult day services (ADS) are vital for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) care. This study identified key outcome measures for assessing the quality of life and well-being in ADRD individuals receiving ADS.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Dementia Care Research
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Adult day services (ADS) are recognized for providing person-centered care to individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD).
- Current limitations exist in routinely measuring person-centered outcomes in ADS, hindering the assessment of their impact on well-being.
- There is a need for valid, reliable, and practical outcome measures aligned with ADRD quality-of-life domains.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify valid, reliable, and practical person-centered outcome measures for individuals with ADRD receiving ADS.
- To evaluate potential measures across key domains: meaning and purpose, engagement, social networks, and sense of belonging.
- To inform the selection of instruments for assessing the impact of ADS on quality of life.
Main Methods:
- A two-round e-Delphi review involving 22 ADS practitioners and researchers.
- Evaluation of 10 potential person-centered outcome measures based on characteristics like ease of administration and relevance.
- Consensus-building using a 66.67% supermajority threshold.
Main Results:
- Consensus was reached on the PROMIS Meaning and Purpose in Life Scale (76%), the Friendship Scale (76%), and the General Belongingness Scale (67%).
- The Life Engagement Test (52%) and Engagement in Meaningful Activities Scale (48%) did not achieve consensus and require further evaluation.
- Selected scales will undergo beta-testing for feasibility, practicality, and impact assessment in real-world data collection.
Conclusions:
- The PROMIS Meaning and Purpose in Life Scale, Friendship Scale, and General Belongingness Scale are recommended for measuring person-centered outcomes in ADS for ADRD.
- Further research is needed for the Life Engagement Test and Engagement in Meaningful Activities Scale.
- These validated measures will enhance the evaluation of ADS effectiveness in improving ADRD quality of life.
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