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Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Tumor Development Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Yuzhe Wang1, Yusen Ding2, XiangLong Yan3

  • 1Special Needs Ward 1, Qingdao Endocrine and Diabetes Hospital, Shandong, 266011, People's Republic of China.

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of overall tumor development, particularly lung and ovarian cancers, in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings suggest SGLT2 inhibitors improve survival and metabolic outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder associated with increased cancer risk.
  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of antidiabetic drugs with potential pleiotropic effects beyond glycemic control.
  • The impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on tumor development and survival in diabetic patients requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between SGLT2 inhibitor use and the risk of developing various cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • To assess the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on survival outcomes, including progression-free and overall survival, in this patient population.
  • To analyze the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on metabolic profiles and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study involving 350 patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • Patients were divided into an SGLT2 inhibitor group (n=189) and a control group (n=161) on other antidiabetic medications.
  • Analysis included clinical characteristics, glycemic control, tumor incidence (lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, bladder, hepatic), and survival outcomes using Kaplan-Meier methods.

Main Results:

  • Overall tumor incidence was significantly lower in the SGLT2 inhibitor group (P < 0.001), driven by reduced lung (P = 0.018) and ovarian cancers (P = 0.017).
  • SGLT2 inhibitor use was linked to improved metabolic parameters (lower FBG, HbA1c, LDL, TC, TG; higher HDL) and better renal function (lower BUN, creatinine; higher eGFR).
  • Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly longer progression-free and overall survival in the SGLT2 inhibitor group (both P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate a significant reduction in overall tumor risk, particularly for lung and ovarian cancers, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • The use of SGLT2 inhibitors is associated with improved metabolic control, enhanced renal function, and superior survival outcomes.
  • These findings support the potential role of SGLT2 inhibitors in mitigating cancer risk and improving prognosis in type 2 diabetes management.
Keywords:
SGLT2 inhibitorsdiabetes medicationtumor development

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