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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits
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Emerging tools in plant genome editing.

Shilpi Sharma1, Naveen Kumar Saroha1, Abhilasha Sehrawat1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.

Frontiers in Genome Editing
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant genome editing is advancing beyond double-strand break methods with new tools for precise DNA and RNA modification. These innovations enable the development of climate-resilient crops and offer new avenues for genetic engineering.

Keywords:
ARCUTCRISPR-CasHACELEAPERRESCUERESTORESATISPARDA

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology and genetics
  • Genome engineering and synthetic biology

Background:

  • Classical genome editing tools like ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas9 enabled targeted mutagenesis but relied on double-strand breaks (DSBs).
  • The field is rapidly evolving with novel systems offering greater precision, flexibility, and efficiency in genetic material modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advanced and recent plant genome editing tools beyond conventional DSB-mediated approaches.
  • To highlight the potential of these new technologies for precise DNA and RNA modulation, including DSB-free editing and base substitutions.
  • To discuss the implications for developing adaptive crops tailored to future environmental and nutritional challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of novel genome and transcriptome modulation systems including LEAPER, SATI, RESTORE, RESCUE, ARCUT, SPARDA, HACE, Type IV-A CRISPR, TATSI, and piggyBac.
  • Focus on DSB-free DNA editing (SATI), RNA editing (LEAPER, RESTORE, RESCUE), chemically-guided editing (ARCUT, SPARDA), and transposon-based techniques (TATSI, piggyBac).
  • Analysis of helicase-based (HACE) and prokaryotic Argonaute protein-based (SPARDA) approaches.

Main Results:

  • Emergence of tools enabling DSB-free DNA editing, precise base substitutions, and RNA editing without genomic alteration.
  • Development of systems like ARCUT for cleaner DNA repair with reduced off-target effects and Type IV-A CRISPR for gene silencing.
  • RNA editing tools (RESTORE, LEAPER) offer transient, reversible control, akin to epigenetics, for responsive trait expression.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced genome editing tools offer unprecedented precision and flexibility, moving beyond DSB-mediated approaches.
  • These innovations facilitate gene function studies, synthetic pathway design, and trait stacking, paving the way for intelligent crop design.
  • The potential for developing climate-resilient crops is significant, though many tools require further application in plant systems.