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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...

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Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing

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Multifaceted Microneedle Patch: A One-Stop Solution to Combat Multitype Wound Infections.

Hui Xin^1,2,3, Yinghua Xu⁴, Lingling Pan^1,2,3

¹Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518031, People's Republic of China.

Biomaterials Research

|December 22, 2025

Summary

A novel microneedle patch offers dynamic wound monitoring and treatment. It visually signals infection via pH changes and releases therapeutics, accelerating healing for complex and diabetic wounds.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Wound Healing

Background:

Bacterial-infected wounds present a global health challenge, complicated by polymicrobial infections and altered microenvironments.
Current treatments struggle with real-time monitoring and targeted intervention in complex wound scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a microenvironment-responsive microneedle (MN) patch for dynamic diagnosis and graded intervention in bacterial-infected wounds.
To integrate a visual pH warning system with enzyme-triggered exosome delivery and multi-therapeutic payloads.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of an MN patch incorporating a bromothymol blue pH indicator, gelatin methacryloyl/exosome matrix for enzyme-triggered release, and halloysite nanotubes, antimicrobial peptides, and salvianolic acid B.
In vitro assessment of antibacterial activity against MRSA/IPRPA, biofilm inhibition, and disruption.
In vivo evaluation in acute and chronic infected wound models, including diabetic ulcers, assessing healing rates, inflammation markers, and angiogenesis.

Main Results:

Exceeded 95% bacterial clearance and 90% biofilm inhibition/disruption in vitro.
MNs provided visual pH changes within 8 hours in acute and chronic wounds.
Accelerated acute wound healing within 10 days and improved diabetic ulcer healing by 9.20% compared to controls, with significant inflammation reduction and angiogenesis promotion.

Conclusions:

The developed MN patch effectively integrates real-time diagnosis (pH monitoring) with graded therapeutic intervention.
This platform demonstrates significant potential for advancing the management of complex and chronic infected wounds, including diabetic ulcers.
The dynamic warning-graded intervention strategy offers a promising approach for personalized and efficient wound care.