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Sampling Probes Microfabricated from Parylene‑C for In Vivo Neurochemical Monitoring.

Thomas White1,2, Ian Bain1, Caitlin N Cain1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.

ACS Measurement Science Au
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed Parylene-C push-pull probes for in vivo brain chemistry monitoring. The sheathed design enables reliable sampling of neurotransmitters and metabolites, advancing brain function studies.

Keywords:
brainmass spectrometrymetabolomicsmicrodialysisneurochemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Bioengineering
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • In vivo monitoring of central nervous system chemistry is crucial for understanding brain function and metabolism.
  • Microfabricated miniaturized sampling devices offer high spatial resolution and low invasiveness for brain extracellular space analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate Parylene-C-based push-pull sampling probes for in vivo brain chemistry monitoring.
  • To compare the performance of different probe designs, specifically end-on versus sheathed orifices.

Main Methods:

  • Microfabrication of Parylene-C push-pull probes with two distinct orifice designs (end-on and sheathed).
  • In vitro and ex vivo testing in tofu and brain tissue to assess flow stability and recovery.
  • In vivo experiments in anesthetized rats for sampling brain cortex extracellular space.
  • Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for metabolite and neurotransmitter quantification.

Main Results:

  • Sheathed probes demonstrated superior flow stability in ex vivo tissues compared to end-on probes.
  • In vivo experiments successfully collected push-pull fractions in 13 out of 19 trials, with sheath depth being critical for reliability.
  • Basal concentrations of 20 neurotransmitters/metabolites were comparable to microdialysis.
  • Infusion of nipecotic acid successfully increased GABA levels, validating probe sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Parylene-C push-pull probes with a sheathed tip design are feasible for multiplexed and temporally resolved in vivo brain chemistry monitoring.
  • The developed probes provide a valuable tool for advancing the understanding of brain function and metabolism.
  • The sheathed design enhances probe reliability for chronic and in vivo applications.