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Arterial stiffness and biochemical profiles in prehypertensive, normotensive, and controlled hypertensive

José Fernando Vilela-Martin1, Tatiana Palotta Minari1, Marco A Vieira-da-Silva1

  • 1Hypertension Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, State Medical School at São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|December 22, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Prehypertension is associated with elevated central blood pressure and arterial stiffness, indicating early cardiovascular changes. These findings suggest that interventions during the prehypertension stage may prevent future hypertension and related complications.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Clinical Biochemistry

Background:

  • Prehypertension increases the risk of developing hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • Central blood pressure and arterial stiffness are critical indicators linked to cardiovascular mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare peripheral and central hemodynamic parameters, including blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and nocturnal dipping.
  • To assess biochemical variables in normotensive, prehypertensive, and controlled hypertensive individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was used to analyze peripheral (SBP, DBP) and central hemodynamic parameters (cSBP, cDBP, PWV).
  • Measurements were taken on 47 normotensive (NT), 39 prehypertensive (PH), and 138 controlled hypertensive (CHT) individuals.
  • Central hemodynamic parameters were measured using brachial oscillometry with the Mobil-O-Graph® system.

Main Results:

  • Prehypertensive individuals exhibited higher 24-h systolic blood pressure, central systolic pressure, and pulse wave velocity compared to normotensive individuals.
  • Significant differences in triglycerides, glycemia, LDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol were observed between prehypertensive and controlled hypertensive groups.
  • Age differed significantly across the normotensive, prehypertensive, and controlled hypertensive groups.

Conclusions:

  • Prehypertensive individuals show elevated peripheral and central blood pressures compared to normotensive individuals, but lower than controlled hypertensive patients.
  • Functional and structural cardiovascular alterations predisposing to hypertension are evident in the prehypertension stage.
  • These findings underscore the importance of monitoring hemodynamic parameters in prehypertension to predict and prevent cardiovascular events.
Abstract

Keywords:
ambulatory blood pressure monitoringarterial stiffnessblood pressurehypertensionprehypertensionpulse wave analysis

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