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Continuously tunable broadband adiabatic coupler for programmable photonic processors.

Xiang Liu¹, Peipeng Xu¹, Yingxuan Zhao¹

¹Shanghai Institute of Microsystems and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 865, Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)

|December 22, 2025

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Researchers developed a reconfigurable adiabatic coupler on silicon photonics. This device allows dynamic tuning of optical signals for advanced integrated photonic circuits and optical computing.

Area of Science:

Photonics and Optical Engineering
Integrated Optics
Materials Science

Background:

Programmable integrated photonic circuits are crucial for next-generation information systems, requiring reconfigurable optical signal processing.
Silicon photonics offers a scalable platform for complex optical functionalities.
Dynamic control over optical signal routing is essential for multi-functional photonic integration.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and demonstrate a thermo-optically reconfigurable adiabatic coupler on a silicon photonics platform.
To enable dynamic tuning of optical coupling ratios for flexible signal processing.
To explore the device's potential for programmable spectral routing.

Main Methods:

Monolithic integration of adiabatic directional couplers with titanium nitride (TiN) micro-heaters on silicon.

Keywords:

adiabatic coupler programmable photonic integrated circuits silicon photonics

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Utilizing localized thermo-optic modulation for dynamic coupling ratio adjustment.

Experimental characterization of the device's performance across a wide bandwidth.

Main Results:

Continuous adjustment of the coupling ratio from 50:50 to 70:30 was achieved.
The device operated across an 80-nm bandwidth (1,520-1,600 nm) with insertion loss below 0.25 dB.
Programmable spectral routing with free spectral ranges (FSR) of 20 nm and 40 nm was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

The thermo-optically reconfigurable adiabatic coupler provides enhanced flexibility and scalability for high-density photonic systems.
This technology presents a promising pathway toward next-generation programmable photonic circuits.
The demonstrated device is a key enabler for advanced optical computing architectures.