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Light-driven micro/nanobots.

Rigvendra Kumar Vardhan1, Manish Kumar1, Jolly Xavier1

  • 1MiD-Q-MiNT Lab, SeNSE, Indian Institute of Technology Dehi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
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Researchers developed light-driven micro/nanorobots (µn-Bots) with advanced functionalities for diverse applications. These µn-Bots offer precise control and biomimetic capabilities, paving the way for future innovations.

Area of Science:

  • Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
  • Photonics and Micro/Nano-robotics

Background:

  • Rapid advancements in light-driven micro/nanomachines are driven by the need for precise nanoscale control.
  • Existing micro/nanomachines are explored for applications in manipulation, exploration, cell positioning, and drug delivery.
  • Biomimicry and photonic functionalities are key to overcoming challenges and unlocking new possibilities in micro/nanorobotics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present light-driven micro/nanorobots (µn-Bots) with potential applications across medicine, industry, and strategic deterrence.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in µn-Bot technology, including designs, functionalities, and fabrication.
  • To analyze the performance of existing light-driven µn-Bots and outline future research directions.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
light-driven machinesmicro electro mechanical devicesmicro/nanomachinesmicro/nanorobotsoptoelectronicsrobotic control

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  • Review and analysis of recent technological innovations in light-driven micro/nanorobots.
  • Exploration of diverse µn-Bot designs, focusing on functionalities, materials, and fabrication techniques.
  • Performance matrix analysis of reported light-driven micro/nanorobots.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of light-driven µn-Bot designs, functionalities, materials, and fabrication methods.
  • Comparative analysis of technological advancements and applications of µn-Bots.
  • Identification of key performance metrics and trends in light-driven micro/nanorobot research.

Conclusions:

  • Light-driven µn-Bots represent a significant technological leap with broad application potential.
  • Continued research in materials, fabrication, and control is crucial for realizing the full capabilities of µn-Bots.
  • The study provides a roadmap for future development in the field of micro/nanorobotics.