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Optical see-through augmented reality via inverse-designed waveguide couplers.

Seunghyun Lee1, Byounghyo Lee2, Haejun Chung3

  • 1Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
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Summary

Researchers developed advanced metasurface couplers for augmented-reality (AR) waveguides, overcoming limitations like chromatic dispersion and distortion. These triple-function couplers enhance see-through views and virtual image quality for compact AR displays.

Keywords:
augmented reality waveguidesinverse designmetasurfacesee-through viewwaveguide couplers

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Waveguide-based augmented-reality (AR) displays offer compact designs but suffer from chromatic dispersion, ghosting, distortion, and limited eyebox.
  • Existing solutions struggle to address these multifaceted limitations simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present novel triple-function metasurface couplers designed using adjoint-based optimization for AR waveguides.
  • To overcome key limitations of current AR waveguide displays, including chromatic dispersion and distortion.
  • To establish computational performance bounds for metasurface coupler designs.

Main Methods:

  • Design of triple-function metasurface couplers utilizing adjoint-based optimization.
  • Development of an out-coupler preserving zeroth-order transmission for see-through paths and enabling zeroth-order reflection for eyebox expansion.
  • Implementation of an in-coupler assigning distinct diffraction orders to R/G/B for achromatic guidance and equalized propagation angles.

Main Results:

  • Optimized out-coupler achieved >90% angle-averaged zeroth-order transmission for see-through views with significantly reduced higher-order leakage.
  • >95% zeroth-order guided reflection for eyebox expansion was demonstrated.
  • Point Spread Function (PSF)/Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) analyses confirmed near-diffraction-limited virtual image quality and suppressed see-through distortion.

Conclusions:

  • The developed metasurface couplers provide a general, manufacturable methodology for multifunctional components in AR waveguides.
  • This approach offers a practical route toward compact, high-quality AR waveguide displays.
  • Multilayer architectures were shown to approach freeform design performance while remaining manufacturable.