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Second-harmonic generation in NbOI2-integrated silicon nitride microdisk resonators.
Ning Liu1, Qiang Liu1, Yutian Lin1
1College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nanooptoelectronic Information Materials and Devices and Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
|December 22, 2025
Summary
Two-dimensional niobium oxide dihalides integrated with silicon nitride microdisk resonators demonstrate efficient second-harmonic generation. This breakthrough enables high-performance on-chip nonlinear optical devices using low-power lasers.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Photonics
- Nanoscience
Background:
- Two-dimensional (2D) niobium oxide dihalides exhibit significant second-order nonlinear optical properties.
- Integrating these 2D materials with optical microcavities is key for advanced on-chip nonlinear optics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate efficient second-harmonic generation in 2D niobium oxide dihalide-integrated microcavities.
- To develop a material-photon co-design strategy for on-chip nonlinear light sources.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of niobium oxyiodide (NbOI2)-integrated silicon nitride (Si3N4) microdisk resonators.
- Utilizing a van der Waals transfer technique for material integration.
- Characterization of second-harmonic generation under continuous-wave laser pumping.
Main Results:
- Achieved second-harmonic generation with sub-milliwatt continuous-wave laser pumping.
- Calculated a device conversion efficiency of approximately 0.024%/W.
- Demonstrated the advantage of NbOI2's intrinsic non-centrosymmetric structure, simplifying material selection.
Conclusions:
- Established a viable material-photon co-design for on-chip nonlinear light sources.
- Laid a foundation for advancing quantum photonic chips and on-chip metrology.
- Highlighted the potential of 2D niobium oxide dihalides for integrated photonics.
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