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Association Between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Sleep Quality in Saudi University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Asma Ahmed Alshammari1, Kawthar Abdullah Alsawad1, Noorah Khalid Ahmed1
1Department of Physiology, Collage of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Nature and Science of Sleep
|December 22, 2025
Summary
Higher dietary magnesium intake is linked to better sleep quality and less daytime dysfunction in Saudi university students. Females reported poorer sleep compared to males, suggesting targeted dietary interventions are needed.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Sleep Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Sleep is crucial for cognitive and physical health.
- Magnesium is vital for regulating sleep.
- University students require adequate sleep and magnesium for well-being and academic success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and sleep quality among university students in Saudi Arabia.
- To identify factors influencing sleep quality in this demographic.
Main Methods:
- An analytic cross-sectional study involving 305 university students in Saudi Arabia.
- Data collected via electronic questionnaires from December 2023 to March 2024.
- Sleep quality assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); magnesium intake evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire.
Main Results:
- Lower monthly magnesium intake correlated with shorter sleep duration (<5 hours) and increased daytime dysfunction.
- Females exhibited significantly poorer sleep quality (higher PSQI scores) than males.
- A significant association was found between low magnesium intake and poor sleep outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Increased dietary magnesium intake is associated with improved sleep quality, longer sleep duration, and reduced daytime dysfunction.
- A notable sex disparity exists, with females experiencing poorer sleep.
- Promoting magnesium-rich diets through student health initiatives is recommended to enhance sleep quality.
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