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A 15-year population-based study on incidence and vaccination coverage in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in

Francesca Fortunato1, Angelo Campanozzi2,3, Michele Di Toma3

  • 1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Hygiene Unit University of Foggia Foggia Italy.

Pediatric Investigation
|December 22, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence is rising in Italy, with vaccination coverage for children with IBD falling below optimal levels. Targeted immunization strategies are crucial for this vulnerable group.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence is increasing globally, with a notable rise post-COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Children with IBD face elevated infection risks, underscoring the importance of vaccination adherence.
  • Limited data exists on pediatric IBD incidence and vaccination coverage in Italy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of pediatric IBD in children aged 0-14 years in Italy's Apulia region from 2009-2023.
  • To evaluate vaccination coverage for mandatory and recommended vaccines in this pediatric IBD cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, population-based study utilizing hospital discharge records and exemption registries.
  • Vaccination data was sourced from the regional immunization system.
  • Age-standardized incidence rates (SIRs) and vaccination coverage were calculated.

Main Results:

  • 1044 incident pediatric IBD cases were identified between 2009-2023, with an average SIR of 12.7/100,000.
  • A significant increase in IBD incidence was observed after 2020, particularly in the 10-14 age group.
  • Vaccination coverage varied: high for hexavalent (100%) and pneumococcal (99.2%), moderate for rotavirus (82.5%) and meningococcal (79.9%), and lower for HPV (66.3% females, 52.1% males) and dTap-IPV booster (30.2%). Influenza coverage was 18.9% in 2023/24.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric IBD incidence is rising in the Apulia region.
  • Vaccination coverage in children with IBD is suboptimal, especially for certain vaccines like HPV and dTap-IPV boosters.
  • Enhanced, targeted immunization strategies are necessary for this high-risk pediatric population.
Abstract

Keywords:
Crohn's diseaseIncidenceInflammatory bowel diseasePediatricsUlcerative colitisVaccination coverage

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