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Can a Mate-Finding Allee Effect Be Elicited to Help Eradicate Invasive Mammals?

Dean P Anderson1, Sam Gillingham2, M Cecilia Latham1

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Summary

Disrupting invasive stoat behavior with pheromone decoys can trigger a mate-finding Allee effect, aiding eradication efforts. This ecological process is most effective at low densities and requires specific management conditions.

Keywords:
Mustela ermineademographic stochasticitymate findingpheromonespopulation controlrecruitmentsimulationstoatssurvivorship

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Invasive Species Management
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • The Allee effect, crucial for extinction and invasive species management, is difficult to quantify in natural populations.
  • While theoretically useful for invasive species eradication, management interventions to induce Allee effects remain untested.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore if disrupting animal behavior can elicit a mate-finding Allee effect for invasive species eradication.
  • To test the mechanism of using reproductive pheromone decoys to facilitate invasive mammal eradication.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an individual-based simulation model for invasive stoats (Mustela erminea).
  • Simulated post-trapping deployment of pheromone decoys to disrupt mate finding.
  • Analyzed sensitivity to biological attributes and management scenarios.

Main Results:

  • A demographic Allee effect, increasing eradication probability, was observed under specific ecological, management, and technological conditions.
  • The mate-finding Allee threshold occurred only at very low densities, emphasizing population control.
  • Eradication probability increased with more decoys and their attractiveness, but species resilience limited the effect.

Conclusions:

  • Intentional disruption of mate finding can induce a demographic Allee effect, potentially aiding invasive species eradication.
  • Effective Allee effect induction requires very low population densities and optimized decoy deployment.
  • Species' adaptive traits and survival rates influence the efficacy of mate-finding Allee effects in management.