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Public spending on immunisation in Poland.

Michał Seweryn1,2, Joanna Augustyńska2, Justyna Kopel2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland.

Frontiers in Public Health
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Poland allocates minimal public funds to immunisation, spending less on vaccines than on treatments for chronic diseases. Increased investment in vaccination is crucial for reducing healthcare costs and disease burden.

Keywords:
costsimmunisationimmunisation costpublic payer expenditurevaccinationsvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Economics
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Vaccination is a cornerstone of infectious disease prevention at both individual and community levels.
  • Understanding public spending on immunisation is vital for optimising healthcare resource allocation.
  • This study assesses Poland's public expenditure on immunisation relative to other health costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate actual public spending on immunisation programs in Poland.
  • To compare immunisation expenditures with other direct medical costs and indirect costs associated with absenteeism.
  • To provide evidence for increased and sustainable public funding for vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Utilised the Immunisation Planning Tool (IPT 2.0) modelling framework.
  • Incorporated data on vaccine acquisition, administration costs, coverage, demographics, and program scope in Poland.
  • Compared immunisation spending with total health expenditure, drug and prevention budgets, and absenteeism costs.

Main Results:

  • Poland's 2024 healthcare budget allocated 0.5% (€206 million) to immunisation, with 91% for vaccine acquisition.
  • Per capita vaccine cost (€4.99) was significantly lower than per capita drug reimbursements for chronic conditions.
  • Indirect costs from vaccine-preventable diseases (€371 million) substantially exceeded total immunisation expenditure.

Conclusions:

  • Poland's low investment (1.7% on prevention, 0.5% on vaccination) highlights a need for increased focus on preventive measures.
  • High return on investment from immunisation, through reduced direct and indirect costs, justifies prioritising vaccination funding.
  • Sustainable public investment is essential to address challenges like low coverage and delayed introduction of cost-effective vaccines.