Prevalence and Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity at a Hospital in Cuenca, Ecuador

Cindy Calle ¹, Jorge Diaz ¹

⁰Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, ECU.

Cureus +

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December 22, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

Childhood obesity affects 12.4% of pediatric patients in Cuenca, Ecuador, with family history and poor diet being key risk factors. Early intervention focusing on lifestyle changes is crucial for reducing prevalence and complications.

Area Of Science

Pediatrics
Public Health
Endocrinology

Background

Childhood obesity is a growing global public health concern.
Prevalence and associated factors in Ecuadorian children were previously under-investigated.

Purpose Of The Study

Determine childhood obesity prevalence in Cuenca, Ecuador.
Identify associated risk factors.
Describe clinical findings in affected pediatric patients.

Main Methods

Cross-sectional, observational study of 644 pediatric patients (July 2020-June 2021).
Data extracted from electronic medical records and a custom questionnaire.
Prevalence, obesity classification, and risk factor associations analyzed using odds ratios (OR).

Main Results

Overall childhood obesity prevalence was 12.4%, highest in the 12-18 year age group.
Strongest risk factors included family history (OR 7.91), daily sugary drink/pastry consumption (OR 8.38), and irregular meal patterns (OR 8.71).
Metabolic syndrome present in 36.96%; common findings were increased abdominal circumference (73.75%) and hypertriglyceridemia (43.75%).

Conclusions

Childhood obesity in Cuenca, Ecuador, is linked to significant risk factors, including diet and family history.
High prevalence of metabolic syndrome and clinical signs underscores the severity of the condition.
Targeting modifiable factors like diet and physical activity is essential for early intervention and prevention.

Keywords:

bmi childhood obesity enobi metabolic syndrome paediatric endocrinology paediatrics prevalence risk factors