Evaluation of Anemia in the Older Population in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background The prevalence and severity of anemia among older people are significant health concerns. Hence, the initial medical service provider for older people with any symptoms or signs admitted under any department should be aware of the blood hemoglobin status and if anemia is present and its severity at the very outset, rather than later. This can help treat the presenting problem, along with the workup and management of anemia at the earliest. Hence, we thought of assessing the severity of anemia in the older age group in the eastern coastal belt of India. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted among 197 individuals of more than 64 years of age who were hospitalized over a period of 18 months. Evaluation of anemia is done by complete blood count, comment on peripheral smear, liver function test, renal function test, iron profile, stool occult blood test, and measurement of vitamin B12 and folate levels. Invasive investigations like endoscopy, colonoscopy, and bone marrow aspiration were done in indicated patients. Results During the study period, 197 patients with anemia were evaluated, out of which 121 were male and 76 were female. In our study, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was the most common cause in 31.9% patients, followed by anemia of chronic disease in 22.8% and hematological disorders in 11.2%. Conclusion From this study, IDA is the most common cause of anemia among elderly patients. Evaluation and management of anemia at the earliest can reduce the mortality and morbidity among elderly patients.