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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

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Published on: June 30, 2020

Brain morphometry of toddlers with language delay: An exploratory study.

Courtney A Filippi^1,2, Elizabeth Smith³, Elizabeth Redcay⁴

¹Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892.

Infant and Child Development

|December 22, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored brain anatomy in toddlers with early language delay (LD) versus typically developing peers. While no overall brain size differences were found, subtle variations in temporal cortex surface area and Broca's area thickness were observed in toddlers with language delay.

Keywords:

middle temporal gyrus neurodevelopmental disorders surface area

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Published on: October 4, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Pediatric Radiology

Background:

Previous research identified neural correlates of language delay in specific pediatric populations.
However, neural correlates in toddlers with unexplained early language delay remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate brain morphometry differences in toddlers with early language delay (LD) compared to typically developing (TD) toddlers.
To explore potential differences in total brain volume, cortical thickness, and surface area, focusing on Broca's and Wernicke's areas.

Main Methods:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to collect brain data from toddlers with LD (n=7) and TD toddlers (n=17).
Exploratory analyses included whole-brain and region-of-interest approaches examining brain volume, cortical thickness, and surface area.
Analyses accounted for age matching and excluded children later diagnosed with autism.

Main Results:

No significant gross anatomical brain differences were detected between the LD and TD groups.
Significant group differences were found in cortical surface area within the temporal cortex, including Wernicke's area and the left middle temporal gyrus (Hedges' g = -0.35).
Differences in cortical thickness were also observed in Broca's area.

Conclusions:

This exploratory study reveals subtle, localized brain morphometry differences in toddlers with unexplained early language delay.
Findings suggest potential targets for future hypothesis-driven neuroimaging research in pediatric language development.
Despite a small sample size, the study provides novel insights into the neural underpinnings of early language delay.