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Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...

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An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
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Development of a prognostic model related to mitochondria and programmed cell death-related genes in bladder cancer.

Xuwei Zhao1,2, Hongyao Liu1,2, Chao Wang1,2

  • 1Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.

Frontiers in Genetics
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new prognostic model for bladder cancer using five key genes: POLB, FASN, CASP9, VDAC2, and RHOT2. This model aids in predicting patient survival and guiding bladder cancer treatment strategies.

Keywords:
bladder cancerimmune infiltrationmitochondrialprognosisprogrammed cell death

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Programmed cell death (PCD) and mitochondrial function are critical in cancer development and progression.
  • Mitochondria are central organelles in executing PCD pathways.
  • Understanding mitochondrial and PCD-related genes is vital for bladder cancer (BLCA) research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze mitochondrial and PCD-related prognostic genes in bladder cancer (BLCA).
  • To construct and validate a novel prognostic model for BLCA based on these genes.
  • To explore the clinical utility of the prognostic model and its correlation with patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized TCGA-BLCA, GSE32894, and GSE13507 datasets for gene expression analysis.
  • Identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), mitochondrial-related genes (MRGs), and PCD-related genes (PCD-RGs).
  • Applied Cox regression, nomogram construction, enrichment, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity analyses for comprehensive evaluation.

Main Results:

  • A five-gene prognostic model (POLB, FASN, CASP9, VDAC2, RHOT2) demonstrated strong predictive capability for BLCA patient survival.
  • Risk score, tumor stage, and patient age were identified as independent prognostic factors.
  • High-risk patients exhibited enrichment in pathways like EMT and inflammatory response, with suboptimal immunotherapy response.

Conclusions:

  • A novel prognostic model for bladder cancer was successfully constructed using POLB, FASN, CASP9, VDAC2, and RHOT2.
  • This model offers a valuable preliminary reference for prognostic evaluation and therapeutic strategies in bladder cancer.
  • Further research can leverage these findings for improved diagnosis and treatment of BLCA.